El objetivo de este trabajo es visualizar la evolución de la evaluación del nivel de logro académico de los estudiantes en las políticas públicas colombianas de 1968 a 2020, a la luz del cierre de brechas sociales, económicas y educativas que posibiliten la convivencia pacífica, el respeto a los derechos humanos y la inclusión genuina. Con una metodología mixta, se obtuvo que la evaluación pasó del resultado sumativo a un enfoque formativo y significativo, pero los resultados están distanciados de las (...) metas en las políticas públicas que pretenden acercar a los estudiantes colombianos a una mejor calidad de vida. (shrink)

En la actualidad Cuba desarrolla un Programa de Atención Integral al Paciente con Úlcera de Pie Diabético mediante el uso del Heberprot-P, esencial para disminuir la amputación y la discapacidad. El trabajo tiene el objetivo de realizar un diagnóstico sobre la aplicación del Heberprot-P en el Servicio de Angiología del Hospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey. Se realizaron encuestas a pacientes para identificar necesidades sentidas relacionadas con el tratamiento y para las actitudes manifiestas, y se hicieron entrevistas al (...) personal médico y de enfermería. El diagnóstico permitió corroborar la necesaria investigación con enfoque social del servicio de salud escogido a nivel territorial. Destaca elevar el trabajo de captación de pacientes desde el nivel primario de salud para garantizar un mayor alcance del programa, así como la trascendencia del apoyo familiar y la relación profesional de la salud- paciente a fin de lograr la calidad requerida. At present Cuba is developing a program concerning the care of patient with ulcer of the diabetes foot by means of Heberprot-P essential to reduce the amputation and disability. The aim of this paper is to carry out a diagnosis about social aspects of the application of the Heberprot-P in the Angiology service at Manuel Ascunce Domenech Hospital in Camaguey. Some surveys were carry out to identify certain needs related with the treatment and the attitude shown and on the other hand some interview were made to the medical and nursing staff. The diagnosis allowed to verify the need of the research with social approach. The paper highlight how to incorporate patients from the primary health level, in order this program has a higher scope and the importance of the family support and the professional relationship to accomplish the quality required. (shrink)

The following article aims to draw a dialogue between the conception of Ethos present in the poet Patativa of the Assaré and the thought of the philosopher Manfredo Araújo de Oliveira. From the particularity to the universality, both thinkers theorize social ethos as an intrinsic characteristic of the subject. Patativa is a representative of the poetry of the Northeastern pantheon, while Manfredo Oliveira stands out for the power of synthesis and analysis of the main problems in the History of Philosophy. (...) Both thinkers show us how it is possible to philosophize in Portuguese or how it is possible to extract from the historical specificity the dilemmas of human complexity. This article, therefore, makes a reflection that starts from the popular literature to the Northeastern philosophical thought, presented as a guiding thread to ethics. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo presenta la “inmanencia práctica” como clave de la ética que G. Deleuze elabora a partir de B. Spinoza y F. Nietzsche. La noción involucra tres tesis que manifiestan la reivindicación incondicional de la inmanencia y la crítica a toda trascendencia: valorización del cuerpo en detrimento de la conciencia; apelación a lo bueno y lo malo, en lugar del bien y el mal; y apología de la alegría e inocencia del devenir. Se sostiene que esta ética naturalista y (...) pluralista se apoya en criterios de valoración ligados a la vida como punto fundamental de apreciación, y se propone la creación de nuevas maneras de ser como medio de enfrentar al sistema del juicio moral sobre el que descansa el nihilismo. ABSTRACT The article presents ‘practical immanence’ as the key to the ethics developed by G. Deleuze on the basis of B. Spinoza and F. Nietzsche. This notion involves three theses that show the unconditional vindication of immanence and the critique of all transcendence: affirmation of the body over consciousness; appealing to the good things and the bad things rather than to good and evil; and the defense of the joy and innocence of becoming. The article argues that this naturalistic and pluralistic ethics is grounded in assessment criteria linked to life as the focal point of appreciation, and suggests the creation of new ways of being as a means to tackle the system of moral judgment on which nihilism is based. (shrink)

Background: The family interview context is permeated by numerous ethical issues which may generate conflicts and impact on organ donation process. Objective: This study aims to analyze the family interview process with a focus on principlist bioethics. Method: This exploratory, descriptive study uses a qualitative approach. The speeches were collected using the following prompt: “Talk about the family interview for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation, from the preparation for the interview to the decision of the family to (...) donate or not.” For the treatment of qualitative data, we chose the method of content analysis and categorical thematic analysis. Participants: The study involved 18 nurses who worked in three municipal organ procurement organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, and who conducted family interviews for organ donation. Ethical considerations: The data were collected after approval of the study by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. Results: The results were classified into four categories and three subcategories. The categories are the principles adopted by principlist bioethics. Discussion: The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice permeate the family interview and reveal their importance in the organs and tissues donation process for transplantation. Conclusion: The analysis of family interviews for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation with a focus on principlist bioethics indicates that the process involves many ethical considerations. The elucidation of these aspects contributes to the discussion, training, and improvement of professionals, whether nurses or not, who work in organ procurement organizations and can improve the curriculum of existing training programs for transplant coordinators who pursue ethics in donation and transplantation as their foundation. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that the Epicurean genealogy of justice and laws presuppose an analysis of the just as a modality of the useful, an approach that denies the conventional character of justice. This genealogical pattern differentiates the origin of justice from that of the law and refers to friendship as a relevant explanatory factor of the origin of justice. We maintain that the interpretations that underline the incoherence of this reference to friendship, in the framework of a hedonistic (...) theory, presuppose a non-Epicurean sharp distinction between altruism and selfishness. (shrink)

The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm (EPRB) experiment performed with random variable and spatially separated analyzers is a milestone test in the controversy between Objective Local Theories (OLT) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). Only a few OLT are still possible. Some of the surviving OLT (specifically, the so called non-ergodic theories) would be undetectable in the averaged statistical values, but they may leave their trace in the time dynamics. For, while QM predicts random processes, the OLT of this kind predict the existence of regularities that (...) may be revealed as a low dimensional object in the phase space. We perform a numerical analysis of the time-resolved data recorded in that experiment to unveil any hypothetical low dimensional dynamics that may be present. We find no consistent indication of such dynamics except for one data file, the longest of all in the real time. The possible causes of these dynamics are discussed. (shrink)

Luego de veinte años desde la recuperación de la democracia en Chile, el modelo transicional basado en el pensamiento concertacionista, ha demostrado carecer de flexibilidad y capacidad de adaptación a los nuevos contextos. La matriz de gobernabilidad establecida por éste modelo, bajo supuestos de verticalidad en las relaciones y estabilidad en la estructura institucional se ha visto confrontada por el surgimiento de nuevos actores con capacidad de veto social que exigen inclusión y participación en la toma de decisiones, lo que (...) determina la necesidad de consolidar un nuevo pacto de gobernabilidad. Los objetivos generales de este trabajo consisten en identificar factores de obsolescencia de la matriz de gobernabilidad en Chile entre 1990 y 2012 y, al mismo tiempo identificar las oportunidades para establecer un nuevo equilibrio en la interacción de los actores estratégicos. Para lo anterior se describirá, en primer lugar, las líneas básicas del debate sobre gobernabilidad, así como los aspectos centrales del modelo chileno de transición. Luego se caracterizará la conflictividad social en América Latina a la luz de los procesos políticos de nivel macro experimentados en las últimas décadas. En tercer lugar, se analizarán algunos factores que explican la creciente conflictividad social en Chile y la genética de la desviación política manifestada en nuevos actores y repertorios de protesta. Finalmente, se analizaran diferentes escenarios hipotéticos para reequilibrar la relación entre actores políticos institucionales y nuevos actores con capacidad de veto social. (shrink)

Cuando nos enfrentamos a una obra de autor normalmente queremos adjudicarnos la propiedad física de la misma, ya sea porque quien escribe representa un referente en las temáticas definidas o porque la denominación o título provoca una especie de comezón cognitiva, y hacer caso omiso de ella, podría provocarnos un colapso por privación de pertenencia. Sea cual fuera el caso, la obra de Raúl González se inscribe en una especie de síntesis de las dos situaciones antes expresadas. Es uno de (...) esos .. (shrink)

A ideia de uma crise do rádio consolidou-se no imaginário coletivo nas últimas décadas, a despeito de não haver ancoragem na realidade. Se muitas rádios tradicionais AM e FM saem do ar, vendidas a igrejas eletrônicas ou novos grupos empresariais, multiplica-se a oferta de conteúdos no contexto de um rádio expandido, que transborda para novas plataformas e é consumido nos mais diversos dispositivos. O rádio vai bem, obrigado, embora algumas emissoras de rádio em ondas hertzianas estejam mal das pernas, lamentando-se (...) da concorrência com serviços on-line e da erosão dos habituais índices de audiência, antes medidos em centenas de milhares de ouvintes por minuto. (shrink)

Rethinking the Relation between Women and Psychoanalysis interrogates core psychoanalytical theoretical concepts concerning loss and femininity. Contributors apply different psychoanalytic perspectives to loss and femininity, focusing on the intersection of psychoanalysis, culture, and clinical work.

"Every culture needs to appropriate the universal truth of human suffering," says Fernando Escalante, ". . . to give its own meaning to this suffering, so that human existence is bearable." Originally published in Spanish as La mirada de Dios: Estudios sobre la cultura del sufrimiento, this book is a remarkable study of the evolution of the culture of suffering and the different elements that constitute it, beginning with a reading of Rousseau and ending with the appearance of the (...) Shoah in the Western consciousness--"The memory endures, and this constitutes a fundamental transition for the Western conscience: we have witnessed." Drawing on writings from the Greeks to Cervantes, Voltaire to Nietzsche, and Freud to William James, Escalante combines his considerable knowledge of politics and political theory with a vast array of literary examples to arrive at an intellectual understanding of the history and meaning of suffering. His investigation encompasses the rise of popular politics, the role of messianism in modern nationalism, and the contemporary implications of the Shoah. This book will appeal to a wide audience: students of political theory, humanism, and philosophy, as well as the general reader interested in a glimpse into the mind of a highly original Latin American thinker. (shrink)

We introduce a methodology whereby an arbitrary logic system L can be enriched with temporal features to create a new system T(L). The new system is constructed by combining L with a pure propositional temporal logic T (such as linear temporal logic with Since and Until) in a special way. We refer to this method as adding a temporal dimension to L or just temporalising L. We show that the logic system T(L) preserves several properties of the original temporal logic (...) like soundness, completeness, decidability, conservativeness and separation over linear flows of time. We then focus on the temporalisation of first-order logic, and a comparison is make with other first-order approaches to the handling of time. (shrink)

Nietzsche identificó la filosofía como _arte de la transfiguración _en la edición de _La gaya ciencia_ de 1887. Esta expresión tiene un fuerte vínculo con la última obra de Rafael Sanzio, _La trasfigurazione_, comentada en _El nacimiento de la tragedia_, en donde el arte es considerado como transfigurador. Tanto la filosofía como el arte se relacionan con el acto de transfigurar y ambas deben ponerse en relación con la vida; la cual ha de ser transfigurada por el amor.

Resumen de tesis de Doctorado en Filosofía: La virtud cívica republicana en las sociedades contemporáneas de Marcelo Fernández Pavlovich.Directora: Dra. Graciela Vidiella. Fecha de defensa: 13 de setiembre de 2023.

La investigación propuesta indagó las relaciones que existen entre el derecho a la memoria y el derecho a la ciudad. Para ello se analizaron desde una teoría crítica de los derechos humanos y teniendo como punto de contacto entre ambos derechos las inscripciones espaciales que materializan la memoria colectiva en la ciudad de Madrid. Es así que se buscó comprobar, desde una dimensión jurídica basada en un enfoque de derechos y con perspectiva espacial, si aquellos lugares que materializan y garantizan (...) la memoria pueden a su vez garantizar el acceso al derecho a la ciudad en virtud de que colaboran en la creación de una ciudad más democrática. La metodología empleada consistió en un análisis crítico de textos, relevamiento y estudio exhaustivo de las normas y estándares nacionales e internacionales, políticas públicas locales, observación y registro de los lugares y, por último, una entrevista en profundidad mediante la técnica de muestra de caso sumamente importante para el problema analizado. (shrink)

El desarrollo acelerado de la ciencia y la técnica ha proporcionado nuevos conocimientos, entre ellos los relacionados con la biología molecular y celular y particularmente con el descubrimiento del factor de crecimiento epidérmico y su capacidad para estimular la formación de tejido de granulación y acelerar la reepitelización en las úlceras del pie diabético. Los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología constituyen un campo caracterizado por la heterogeneidad de tendencias que han ido configurando un enfoque más integral, interdisciplinario (...) y responsable de la reflexión sobre la actividad científico-tecnológica. El artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar el impacto social del Heberprot-P como fruto de una Tecnociencia, mediante un análisis teórico del tema. The quick development of science and technology has provided new knowledge about different matters, such as those related with the molecular and cellular biology and particularly with the discovery of the factor of epidermal growth and its capacity to stimulate the formation of granulation tissue and to accelerate the re-epithelisation in ulcers of diabetic foot. The Social Studies of Science and Technology constitute a field characterized by heterogeneity of tendencies that have been giving shape to a more integral and interdisciplinary focus responsible for the reflection on the scientific-technological activity. This article is aimed at basing the social impact of Heberprot-P as a result of a technoscience, by means of a theoretical analysis on the topic. (shrink)

Este trabajo entiende lo musical como dinámica cultural híbrida y como espacio de resistencia simbólica y material, corporal y subjetiva, que se manifiesta entre formas culturales hegemónicas y subalternizadas. Se parte de la idea de hibridez para analizar la capacidad de adaptación y resistencia de los movimientos culturales y, por esa vía, reflexionar sobre el universo social del Caribe colombiano. Tres aspectos se estudian con este fin: primero, los procesos de institucionalización de la música nacional y su impacto en la (...) conformación de la música popular; segundo, las relaciones entre la cultura oficial y las prácticas negras “populares”; y tercero, la interacción entre lo hegemónico y lo subordinado como medio de reconfiguración de los ritmos y estilos cotidianos. Este texto parte de una perspectiva ensayística e interdisciplinar, propia de los estudios culturales, para contribuir a los debates sobre cultura, marginación y resistencia en el Caribe colombiano, en particular, e hispánico, en general. (shrink)

From the early to mid-1970s, Michel Foucault posited that power consists of a relation rather than a substance and that this relation is comprised of unequal forces engaged in a warlike struggle against each other, resulting invariably in the domination of some forces over others. This understanding of power, which he retrospectively dubbed `Nietzsche's hypothesis' and `the model of war', underpinned his well-known analyses of disciplinary power. Yet, Foucault in his Collège de France course from the academic year 1975-6, `Society (...) Must Be Defended', suddenly began to call into question this understanding and his doubts about it did not abate well into the late 1970s. In this article, we suggest that his militant politics in the early 1970s sustained his adherence to the war model and that his more cautious political attitude later in the decade underpinned his suspicions about this model. Key Words: biopolitics • Henri de Boulainvilliers • Michel Foucault • Thomas Hobbes • militancy • F. W. Nietzsche • politics • power • race • war. (shrink)

From Fall 2016 to Fall 2019 Marcelo Gleiser conducted a series of nine public dialogues between eminent scientists and humanists on challenging topics and ideas whose very definitions and meanings are disputed. Sponsored by the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Engagement at Dartmouth College, founded by Gleiser, these events were held in theaters and universities across the US and immediately followed by workshops, open to the public, at which attendees could converse directly with participants. Great Minds Don't Think Alike collects edited (...) versions of these discussions, which set an example, in a time when public discourse is seriously threatened, of how people can engage in a fruitful exchange of ideas even when they strongly disagree. The cast of characters is stellar: David Chalmers and Antonio Damasio on consciousness, Sean Carroll and Alan Wallace on reality, Patricia Churchland and Jill Tarter on the future of intelligence, Rebecca Goldstein and Alan Lightman on faith, Jimena Canales and Paul Davies on time, Ed Boyden and Mark O'Connell on transhumanism, Elizabeth Kolbert and Siddhartha Mukherjee on immortality, and Jeremy DeSilva, David Grinspoon, and Tasneem Zehra Husain on being human. (shrink)

This paper inquires about a well-known article written by Hannah Arendt, named Reflections on Little Rock, published in Dissent Magazine in 1959. Its importance lies in the author’s opinion about the events that took place in Little Rock, United States, as a consequence of the underline racial issue. Therefore, the purpose of this work will be to critically examine the analysis carried out by the author, crystallized in her reflections. Observing this task, firstly, a general approach will be made to (...) the political and legal background that drives his work. Next, a schematic summary of the argumentative pillars that support the central thesis of the article will be done. Finally, based on the distinction between vita activa and vita contemplativa, we will make two critical observations on her reflections: the first, referring to the distinction between public and social spaces and, the second, to the judgment made by Arendt. (shrink)

Há uma espécie de drama de consciência no interior do pensamento iluminista em relaçáo à Revoluçáo Francesa: de um lado, aceita, de bom grado, fazer da queda do Antigo Regime um de seus mais belos e significativos frutos; de outro, recusa, por vezes enojado, os meios violentos utilizados para tanto e náo aceita, ou custa a aceitar, filiaçáo ideológica com eles. Esta violência “excessiva” seria exclusivamente obra da massa, segundo o elitismo iluminista. O percurso realizado neste artigo procura explicitar, no (...) contexto da Revoluçáo Francesa em geral e do pensamento e da açáo de Saint-Just em específico, a relaçáo entre pensamento e açáo revolucionária, de modo que se possa identificar o potencial de violência presente no próprio ideal que atravessa o pensamento revolucionário francês, sintetizado pela idéia de Virtude, e que culminará na política do Terror. (shrink)

A pesar de algunos antecedentes dispersos y excepciones, existe una manifiesta laguna en la literatura sobre el concepto de cultura científica comunitaria. Con esa expresión nos referimos a situaciones en las cuales unos ciudadanos perciben un problema, se agrupan, organizan, comunican y ponen en común sus recursos para buscar, evaluar y producir conocimiento científico con el fin de encarar dicho problema. En este trabajo realizamos una propuesta de caracterización de la cultura científica comunitaria. Posteriormente, procedemos a aplicarla y contrastarla respecto (...) del caso de los colectivos de afectados por la COVID persistente. La metodología empleada se ha basado en el análisis documental. (shrink)

During an immersion course at the Mexico-US border in January 2015, I encountered the stark juxtaposition between ‘liberation theologies’ and ‘library theologies.’ The gulf that separates these two is not just a class barrier, but is also racialized and linguistic. This article argues that in order to bring the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus-Reid to places like the borderlands, a theological bridge must be constructed that takes seriously both of the contexts being connected. Here I argue that the theological turn (...) in phenomenological studies and Jean-Luc Marion’s concept of ‘erotic phenomenon’ are examples of possible bridges between these two worlds. (shrink)

In this paper the general notion of Bourbaki structures, interpreted in terms of Suppes predicates, will be used to axiomatize a system of meta-rankings in the sense introduced by A. K. Sen. It will be argued that this axiomatization must take place in a Kantian-ruled world in order to provide a link between meta-rankings and individual actions.Dedicated to Prof. Francisco A. Doria on his 50th birthday.

Au cours de cet entretien, Emmanuel Renault nous offre un aperçu de la manière dont la thématique de la reconnaissance est traitée en France aujourd’hui, notamment à travers le renouveau des études sur Hegel et Marx. Il explique la façon dont la reconnaissance a pu s’ériger en paradigme (en dépit de ses usages multiples et variés en France comme ailleurs), au cours de la dernière décennie et le rôle joué par Axel Honneth dans ce procès. Finalement, il explicite sa manière (...) d’envisager la pratique de la philosophie politique et son projet d’une critique du capitalisme. Emmanuel Renault nous livre également un commentaire critique mais constructif sur la manière dont Paul Ricœur envisage la reconnaissance et suggère quelques pistes concernant les possibles développements futurs des usages de la reconnaissance. (shrink)

O artigo trata, na perspectiva da filosofia heideggeriana, dos fundamentos ontológicos da socialização, da individuação e da singularização, cuja pertinência para o campo educacional é realçada por meio de uma aproximação do conceito alemão de formação (Bildung). O objetivo é mostrar que o modo como Heidegger aborda a questão do indivíduo e da sociedade, do si mesmo próprio e do si mesmo impessoal, em termos de autenticidade e inautenticidade, o inscreve no debate tradicional acerca da formação, enquanto autocultivo de si. (...) Nessa linha, o cuidado, indicado como essência do ser-aí, é interpretado como o termo heideggeriano para formação. (shrink)

As scholarly interest in the experience of French Maoism has been undergoing something of a renaissance, it is unsurprising that the Maoist practice of investigations has elicited varying degrees of attention in recent years. But this attention has tended to be subsumed within, if not overshadowed by, much broader historical and exegetical undertakings. This paper seeks to redress this limitation in the literature by focusing on the lengthiest and most detailed summary of Maoist investigations among peasants in the French countryside,The (...) Book of Poor Peasants, published by Alain Badiou’s Group for the Foundation of the Union of Communists of France Marxist-Leninist in 1976. This book vividly demonstrates the difficulties and limitations associated with the practice of investigations. It thus affords a more critical appreciation of this practice. The book also casts Badiou’s shift toward a ‘politics without party’ in a new light. (shrink)

Quantum mechanics, and the micro level indeterminacy it implies, is generally accepted by philosophers. So too naturalism on which macro states are held to supervene on micro states is now orthodox in the philosophy of mind and science. Still, in both fields it is frequently assumed that macro systems evolve deterministically. This assumption is commonly implicit and undefended, though at times it is made explicit and given minimal defense. In neither case is the incompatability of quantum indeterminacy, macro-micro dependence, and (...) macro level determinism fully acknowledged. Even when incompatability is recognized, it is held that there is hope that quantum indeterminacy might be confined to micro levels. We argue that this is a vain hope. For certain standard quantum mechanical systems, micro indeterminism entails macro indeterminism unless macro states are effectively independent from micro states. This result obtains whether the relationship between supervenient and subvenient states is deterministic or indeterministic. (shrink)